Past Issues

Objectives: The aim of our study was to clarify the impact of comorbidity on understanding attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) risk factors (age, sex, subtypes, school performance, interpersonal relationships, and family hereditary) for children, parental risk factors (age of parents, socioeconomic status), and comorbidity impact on parental stress and symptoms among parents of children with ADHD. Methods: We consequently interviewed 109 children with ADHD and their parents using theMINI Kid to differentiate between children with ADHD, with and without comorbidity. Parental stress was measured using the parental stress index and the parental symptom scale (Symptom Check List, SCL-90). Results: Children with ADHD belonging to the combined subtype showed poor school performance and had poor interpersonal relationships. Comorbidity (concomitant disease) had an impact on ADHD risk factors, parental stress and symptoms. Parental anxiety symptoms of ADHD with comorbidity were more severe and parents felt more stressed about controllable environmental factors than parents of children with ADHD without comorbidity. Conclusion: Comorbidity had impacts on the children themselves, parental stress, and anxiety symptoms.We encourage the use of the ADHD medical modal (psychopharmacology and behaviormodification) to enhance parenting ability of ADHDchildren with comorbidity.